Yunnan is renowned, along with Fujian, as one of the two provinces celebrated for their teas throughout China. Yesterday, I had the pleasure of sampling teas at a popular tea house, guided by my host. She and her extended family have been immersed in the tea trade and tea house culture for generations.

In addition to enjoying teas, our conversations delved into the lives of ethnic minorities in China. Despite her hukou officially identifying her as Han Chinese, my host confided that she is of mixed race. Yunnan’s rich ethnic diversity means many residents, even those classified as Han Chinese, have mixed-race origins. My host’s husband, on the other hand, belongs to the Bai ethnic minority, a significant cultural presence in the region. Interestingly, their child’s hukou identifies him as a member of the Bai ethnic group.

China officially recognizes 55 ethnic minorities, collectively constituting less than 10% of the total population. Minority status affords individuals access to various forms of affirmative action, including easier access to higher education, employment opportunities, and other benefits. As a result, legitimate claims to minority status are highly valued and sought after in China.